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Evaluating Enterprise in ‘Deprived’ Communities

September 4, 2008 by admin

One of the most comprehensive pieces of evaluation work done on a wide range of projects designed to stimulate enterprise in deprived communities was the Evaluation of the Phoenix Development Fund – a piece of work that was completed by Peter Ramsden in July 2005.

The Phoenix Fund was a flagship £189 million fund administered by the Small Business Service running from 2000 to 2008 developed in response to Policy Action Team 3 paper on ‘Enterprise and Social Exclusion’. 

The terms of reference for the evaluation set out five key questions that the evaluation would address:

  1. Did the PDF encourage fresh thinking?
  2. How effective have specific project type approaches been?
  3. To what extent have projects to help particular sections of the community been successful?
  4. To what extent has the Fund helped to engage mainstream providers?
  5. Has funding helped to build capacity?

Overall the conclusion of the evaluation was that the fund had been a success. Using a reflective action-oriented approach the PDF contributed greatly to the growth of knowledge and experience of business support to encourage inclusive enterprise. There is now a considerable body of documented knowledge of inclusive approaches to business support. This compares to the situation in 2000 when it was reported by SBS that there was ‘too little knowledge in this field’.

If you are involved in an enterprise project aimed at working in disadvantaged areas I would commend the evaluation and the lessons learned reports highly!

Just to whet your appetite:

Models of delivery – critical success factors:

  • Regardless of type of programme envisaged, the needs of individuals must be central; be prepared to flex from the original programme specification if needs be.
  • An inclusive and holistic approach to developing the skills and confidence required for individuals to move ‘forward’ really works, as does the use of coaching, specialist sector advisers, peer or other supportive networks etc.
  • The above takes ‘longer than usual’ amounts of time and investment in relationship and trust building; be realistic about what can be achieved in a very limited life programme.
  • This can also be more costly but needs to be weighed against the longer-term benefits of clients/users coming off benefits (for instance).
  • Investing time in building positive relationships with mainstream business support agencies is crucial and can lead to a change in mainstream culture and provision, leading to potentially more productive partnerships and win-wins.
  • Well-designed and holistic enterprise support can also add significant value by providing optional routes into employment and further learning for individuals who feel enterprise is not for them at the present time.

You can find more here.

Filed Under: enterprise, entrepreneurship, management Tagged With: community development, diversity, evaluation, management, outreach, social enterpise, social marketing, strategy, training

Enterprise – A Journey from A to Z

September 3, 2008 by admin

Enterprise is a journey from A to Z.

Except there is no Z.

The journey just keeps going on.

But imagine for a moment that ‘Z’ is finally having a stable secure business – that does what you need it to do.  And that the enterprise journey is from A-Z.

The truth is that most, if not all, of our enterprise support services only go back as far as ‘W’.  ie they only  engage people who already have an idea or an aspiration that they want to do something about.  And the support service implies that there is a logical, rational (if typically dull) process called business planning that will get you safely from W-Z.  (Never mind that this is an untruth that misleads clients about the fundamental dynamics of enterprise.)  We have spent a lot of time and energy on supporting the transition from W-Z.  We have short entrepreneurship programmes, advisory services, planning software and templates.  This is not where the vast majority of human enterprise potential is lost (although even at this late stage we still manage to waste a lot!)

The real waste is in the majority of people that never make it as far as ‘W’.

How do we get  the vast majority who do not see themselves as enterprising to recognise the role that enterprise skills and behaviours can play in their personal pursuit of progress/happiness?

My argument is that if we can ‘unstick’ some of these very stuck people (especially with reference to ‘deprived communities’) we will start to build a ‘pipeline’ for enterprise from ‘where people are at’ (usually a-d) on the enterprise journey rather than where we would like the be (W).

Of course this does not fit the policy goals for instant enterprise…but it does reflect the reality of human growth and development and what we know about enterprise – that it takes time to learn how to do it well.

One of the challenges in communities that are ‘low on enterprise’ is that they have an inordinate number of ‘precontemplators’ – people who do not see enterprise/business as relevant to them.

They may watch Dragon’s Den/The Apprentice and be sickened at the prospect of moving in those circles.  So when we ask ‘Have you got a great business idea’ their instant thought is ‘No! Yuk!’

The other large constituent in these communities are contemplators who have thought about it but decided ‘No’.  Often because they don’t think they have the skills because we still promulgate the myth that you need to:

  • be financially literate
  • have good reading and writing skills,
  • be articulate, visionary, powerful and persuasive,
  • have a great product,
  • be a strong marketeer and great at sales and
  • be a fully fledged finance director

to succeed at the enterprise game.

Precontemplators and contemplators are the groups that effective outreach needs to engage to help them re-consider the reality of enterprise – what is is and how it relates to them and their dreams.  At least if we are to really start transforming the enterprise culture in disadvantaged communities.

We also need to recognize that failure (lapse and relapse) is an inevitable (almost) part of the enterprise journey.  It is part of the learning process.  If you are Richard Branson then people pick you up from the failed budgie breeding project and the xmas tree farm and encourage you to try again.  If you are from a poor non working class family the response is more likely to be ‘bloody typical of you to F**k that up as well’.

Few of our services help clients to prepare for failure and put it into context on their enterprise journey.

Few services pay serious regard to the power of the peer group and how that can be managed.

Outreach is not just about going to the places that mainstream support fears to tread.  It is about presenting enterprise in a very different, much more accessible and engaging way.  It is about understating the psychology and motivations of the client and and building a bridge to enterprise that starts from where they are at.

Filed Under: enterprise, entrepreneurship, management Tagged With: community development, diversity, management, outreach, strategy, training

More Bill Strickland – Make the Impossible Possible

August 19, 2008 by admin

I am just re-reading this book before I lend it out – and it is blowing me away even more the second time through!

If you want to get a flavour of what Bill Strickland is about try these videos. There is only about 15 minutes worth in total.  And then please let me know what you think.

[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_X2_jLMjnLQ]

Bill talks about Frank Ross

[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bi_zD4Ezi9o]

Frank Lloyd Wright and the Power of Environment

‘People are a function of their environment. You put people in a world class building and they behave like world class citizens. You put them in a prison and they behave like prisoners.’

[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fMI53qzMz9w]

The Culinary Programme at Manchester Bidwell

[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F-gdLslYpLw]

Dizzy Gillespie and all that jazz

[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b6h91c4TYis]

Skoll, E-bay and Scaling Up

[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-LsOUdgpEI]

Bill talks about His Mission

Filed Under: enterprise, entrepreneurship Tagged With: community development, diversity, operations, social capital, social enterprise, training

Ripples from the Zambezi – Introduction

August 11, 2008 by admin

Sirolli introduces his book as the results of years or practice in the art of economic development through person centred development or facilitation.

He describes the growth of Enterprise Facilitation™ through word of mouth advertising and client testimonials.

He describes how current interest in entrepreneurship has made the work of spreading his methodology more straightforward. As more women join the enterprise market and more people become interested in flexible and home working through self employment the market place for Enterprise Facilitation™ in just about any community seems to be a growing one.

A Diverse Client Base

Clients come from a wide range of backgrounds and one of the founding principals of the methodology seems to be that help is available for anyone living or working in the community. Building social systems that ensure that a diverse client base is:

A) Recruited, and

B) Provided with a high quality and relevant service, is perhaps a key Sirolli lesson.

He describes the client base as “in the market right now looking not just for employment but also for a way to make a living without compromising their need for dignity”.

How does this description fit clients for your enterprise services?

What about people who are not ‘in the market’ but who already make a living through benefits and/or the gray economy?

What options do they have ‘to make a living without compromising their need for dignity’?

Indigenous Growth

Sirolli also claims that ‘civic leaders are accepting much more readily the notion of indigenous growth’.

What does he mean by the concept of ‘indigenous growth’?

How does it contrast with other approaches – such as:

  • business attraction/inward investment or
  • developing social infrastructure to attract the ‘creative classes’?

Sustainability and Human Scale

Sirolli also makes the point that 1000 home based business in a community ‘cannot even be seen’ while a factory employing a 1000 people will ‘change the physical landscape, even the air a community breathes’.

How is this a compelling reason for person centred economic development and indigenous growth?

Ubiquity of Passion, Intelligence, Self-motivation and Energy

This is one of the founding assumptions of Enterprise Facilitation™. That in every community there is the passion, intelligence, self motivation and energy to plant the seeds of economic development.

Many of the communities targeted by economic development programmes appear to have lower levels of passion, intelligence, self motivation and energy than their more prosperous neighbours.

Why else might levels of ‘enterprise’ be so low?

Are these human qualities somehow missing from economically failing communities – or have they just gone underground?

What are the mechanisms that cause some people from these communities to hide or apparently lose their passion, intelligence, self-motivation and energy?

What can be done that might help them to re-connect with these qualities?

You can can comment on any part of Ripples from the Zambezi by joining the Enterprise Reading Group.

Filed Under: enterprise, entrepreneurship Tagged With: community, development, enterprise, Enterprise Reading Group, entrepreneurship, professional development, Ripples, training

Cycle of Change Re-worked

July 9, 2008 by admin

The Cycle of Change Redrawn
The Cycle of Change Redrawn

I have been thinking some more about the cycle of change and how it works when thinking about enterprise and transforming communities.

I think this re-work helps to show that there may be a lot of people who are not interested in changing to a ‘more enterprising’ set of behaviours.

If we are serious about transformation then we need to find ways to engage people in this group and understand what the barriers are to them even thinking about the possibility of change. Most efforts seem to be targeted at those who are already in the cycle at some point. You know the kind of stuff – ‘Have You Got a Great Business Idea’ or ‘Thinking of Starting a Business?’. Both of these will get a resounding ‘No’ from those not interested in change.

What kind of marketing messages might work for this group? Well how about:

‘Fed up with the same old, same old?’

‘Are you brassed off and angry?’

‘Ever felt like you are wasting your life away?’

‘Something that you want to make happen – but not sure how?’

It also shows the almost inevitable role of lapse and re-lapse in the change process. It is very unusual for someone to go from one set of behaviours to another without either lapses or relapses. Yet often lapse or relapse in the field of enterprise represents failure rather than progress.

What is your repsonse when one of your clients take a step backwards, misses an appointment or otherwise does not make the progress that you had hoped for?

“People are always blaming circumstances for what they are. I do not believe in circumstances. The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for the circumstances they want, and if they cannot find them, they make them.”

George Bernard Shaw

Filed Under: enterprise, entrepreneurship Tagged With: community, development, enterprise, entrepreneurship, training

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